48 × 10-Gb/s cost-effective FPC-based on-board optical transmitter and receiver

In this paper, we demonstrate a low-cost, 48-channel, high-speed, flexible printed circuit (FPC)-based interconnect packaging concept for on-board optical modules. Due to the good high-speed performance and low cost, the FPC board is used as the base carrier for both transmitter and receiver modules. The on-board transmitter and receiver are based on a commercial 1-mm-pitch ISI HoLi pin grid array connector. The size of each module is only 31.5 × 31.5 mm and offers a state-of-art bandwidth density of 0.483 Gb/s/mm 2 by using a compact design. Investigation of RF signal propagation on the FPC is carried out for design validation at 10 Gb/s and, in order to further explore the potential of the suggested platform, differential pairs are simulated up to 30 GHz. The low-cost packaging approach requires only several flip-chip bonding steps using industry-standard solder reflow and ultrasonic bonding processes. An 8 × 12 -channel optical straight lens connector is used to couple the light from the optics into two 48-fiber multi-fiber push on connectors with 8 × 12 -channel MT ferrules. The fully assembled transmitter and receiver are tested at 10 Gb/s demonstrating error-free operation with sensitivities comparable with those of commercial devices. Bit error rates for all 96 channels as well as representative eye diagrams at 10 Gb/s are reported

48 × 10-Gb/s cost-effective FPC-based on-board optical transmitter and receiver

\u3cp\u3eIn this paper, we demonstrate a low-cost, 48-channel, high-speed, flexible printed circuit (FPC)-based interconnect packaging concept for on-board optical modules. Due to the good high-speed performance and low cost, the FPC board is used as the base carrier for both transmitter and receiver modules. The on-board transmitter and receiver are based on a commercial 1-mm-pitch ISI HoLi pin grid array connector. The size of each module is only 31.5 × 31.5 mm and offers a state-of-art bandwidth density of 0.483 Gb/s/mm \u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e by using a compact design. Investigation of RF signal propagation on the FPC is carried out for design validation at 10 Gb/s and, in order to further explore the potential of the suggested platform, differential pairs are simulated up to 30 GHz. The low-cost packaging approach requires only several flip-chip bonding steps using industry-standard solder reflow and ultrasonic bonding processes. An 8 × 12 -channel optical straight lens connector is used to couple the light from the optics into two 48-fiber multi-fiber push on connectors with 8 × 12 -channel MT ferrules. The fully assembled transmitter and receiver are tested at 10 Gb/s demonstrating error-free operation with sensitivities comparable with those of commercial devices. Bit error rates for all 96 channels as well as representative eye diagrams at 10 Gb/s are reported. \u3c/p\u3

48×10 Gbps cost-effective FPC-based on-board optical transmitter with PGA connector

High bandwidth density on-board optical transmitter is reported in this paper. This on-board transmitter contains 4×12-channel 10Gbps CMOS driver ICs and 4×12-channel 850nm Multimode (MM) VCSEL arrays, with a total 48×10Gbps bandwidth and is packaged through flip-chip bonding on a flexible printed circuit (FPC) with SnAg solder bumps. Due to the compact package design, based on a commercial 1mm pitch ISI HoLi pin grid array (PGA) connector, the size of FPC is only 31.5mm × 31.5mm and it offers a state-of-art bandwidth density of 0.483Gbps/mm2. Investigation of RF signal propagation on the FPC is carried out for design validation at 10Gbps and to further explore the potential of the suggested platform differential pairs are simulated up to 30Gbps. An optical straight lens connector is used to couple the light to a single 48 fibers MT connector. To validate the design concept the fully assembled transmitter is tested at 10Gbps. Bit error rates for all 48 channels at 10Gbps as well as eye diagrams for few representative channels are reported

Large-scale phylogenomics of the Lactobacillus casei group highlights taxonomic inconsistencies and reveals novel clade-associated features

Although the genotypic and phenotypic properties of the Lactobacillus casei group have been studied extensively, the taxonomic structure has been the subject of debate for a long time. Here, we performed a large-scale comparative analysis by using 183 publicly available genomes supplemented with a Lactobacillus strain isolated from the human upper respiratory tract. On the basis of this analysis, we identified inconsistencies in the taxonomy and reclassified all of the genomes according to their most closely related type strains. This led to the identification of a catalase-encoding gene in all 10 L. casei sensu stricto strains, making it the first described catalase-positive species in the Lactobacillus genus. Moreover, we found that 6 of 10 L. casei genomes contained a SecA2/SecY2 gene cluster with two putative glycosylated surface adhesin proteins. Altogether, our results highlight current inconsistencies in the taxonomy of the L. casei group and reveal new clade-associated functional features. IMPORTANCE The closely related species of the Lactobacillus casei group are extensively studied because of their applications in food fermentations and as probiotics. Our results show that many strains in this group are incorrectly classified and that reclassifying them to their most closely related species type strain improves the functional predictive power of their taxonomy. In addition, our findings may spark increased interest in the L. casei species. We find that after reclassification, only 10 genomes remain classified as L. casei. These strains show some interesting properties. First, they all appear to be catalase positive. This suggests that they have increased oxidative stress resistance. Second, we isolated an L. casei strain from the human upper respiratory tract and discovered that it and multiple other L. casei strains harbor one or even two large, glycosylated putative surface adhesins. This might inspire further exploration of this species as a potential probiotic organism